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| Reference Methods and Standards for Foods |
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| Objective: |
To provide national references for food safety and nutritional measurements to facilitate:
- more cost-effective compliance with relevant legislation; Infant Formula Act of 1980, Nutritional Labeling and Education Act of 1990 (NLEA), and Dietary Supplement Health and Education Act of 1994 (DSHEA)
- reliable nutrition information on which consumers can base their dietary choices
- well-defined quality assessment of food and nutritional products
- increasingly required measurement traceability for food imports/exports.
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| Description: |
| The integrity of the nation's food supply is a major component of public health and safety. The development of reference methods and standards for nutrients, contaminants, and adulterants in foods is essential to provide traceability for food-matrix measurements, and is especially relevant to international trade issues. Project components include measurement and standards issues related to nutrients in food products, contaminants and adulterants in food products, and to chemical composition of and contaminants in dietary supplements. Project priorities are determined in consultation with the AOAC, FDA, NIH, and the Food Products Association. |
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| Area(s) of Application: |
- Food and Nutrition
- Health and Medical Products and Services
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| Accomplishments: |
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- Representative food-matrix SRMs value-assigned for priority nutrients and contaminants have been issued. Because the composition of a food-matrix SRM should be matched closely to that of the test sample being analyzed, recommendations have been made that SRMs be provided in all sectors of a “food triangle”, developed by AOAC International, in which foods are positioned based on their fat, protein, and carbohydrate content. SRMs representative of all nine sectors have now been issued. ( “ Filling the AOAC Triangle with Food-Matrix Standard Reference Materials ”, Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378 , 1161-1167 (2004). Recent additions to this NIST suite of food SRMs for use in validating methods for determining proximates, calories, carotenoids, vitamins, and elements in similar matrices and for quality assurance when assigning values to in-house control materials , as appropriate, include:
SRM 2384 - Baking Chocolate (certified values for catechins, caffeine, theobromine, fat, and individual fatty acids; reference values for proximates, vitamins, acrylamide, and elements.)
SRM 2385 - Slurried Spinach (certified values for selectedc carotenoids and elements; reference values for proximates, energy content, total dietary fiber, vitamins, additional carotenoids, and additional elements.)
SRM 2387 - Peanut Butter (certified values for fat, selected fatty acids, elements, and tocopherol; reference values for additional proximates, fatty acids, amino acids, calories, total dietary fiber, vitamins, aflatoxins, and acrylamide .)
- SRM 1946 Lake Superior Fish Tissue (certified values for individual fatty acids, including the omega-3s (EPA, DPA, and DHA), and PCBs and pesticides; reference values for proximates and elements.).
- SRM 1849 Infant/Adult Nutritional – Hybrid Material (in development as replacement for SRM 1846 Infant Formula; target certified values for vitamins, elements, and individual fatty acids; target reference values for proximates, amino acids, and nucleotides; expected availability in late 2006.)
- Participation in BIPM Consultative Committee on the Quantity of Matter (CCQM) comparison exercises to establish measurement comparability internationally. Recent activities include:
CCQM-K31 - Arsenic in shellfish
CCQM-K43 - As, Se, Hg, Pb and organo-mercury in salmon
CCQM-K45 - Toxic Metals in Foods
CCQM-P40 - Organic Contaminants in Tissue (mussel)
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| Future Plans: |
- Add values to existing food-matrix SRMs as interest develops in new analytes
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| Relevant Links: |
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| Recent Publications: |
- Brown Thomas, J., Yen, J.H., Schantz, M.M., Porter, B.J., and Sharpless, K.E., “ Determination of Caffeine, Theobromine, and Theophylline in Standard Reference Material 2384, Baking Chocolate Using Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography , ” J. Agric. Food Chem., 52 , 3259-3263 (2004).
- Poster, D.L., Schantz, M.M., Kucklick, J.R., Lopez de Alda, M.J., Porter, B.J., Pugh, R.S., and Wise, S.A., “Three New Mussel Tissue Standard Reference Materials (SRMs) for the Determination of Organic Contaminants,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378, 1213-1231 (2004).
- Sharpless, K.E, Greenberg, R.R., Schantz, M.M., Welch, M.J., Wise , S.A. , and Ihnat, M., “ Filling the AOAC Triangle with Food-Matrix Standard Reference Materials ,” Anal. Bioanal. Chem., 378 , 1161-1167 (2004).
- Sharpless, K.E., Phinney, C.S., Wood, L.J., Yen, J.H., and Howell, D.W., “Value Assignment of Nutrient and Aflatoxin Concentrations in Standard Reference Material 2387 Peanut Butter,” J. Agric. Food Chem., 51, 6745-6751 (2003).
- Wise , S.A. , Sharpless, K.E., Sander, L.C., and May, W.E ., “Standard Reference Materials to Support U.S. Regulations for Nutrients and Contaminants in Food and Dietary Supplements,” Accred. Quality Assur., 9 , 543-550 (2004).
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| External Collaborators: |
- AOAC International
- National Institutes of Health's Office of Dietary Supplements (NIH-ODS)
- National Research Council Canada (NRC)
- Food Products Association (FPA) (formerly National Food Processors Association)
- U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
- Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (CFSAN)
- Center for Drug Evaluation and Research (CDER)
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| Principal Investigators: |
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