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| Spectroscopy for Biosystems |
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| Objective: |
| To develop new and improved measurement techniques, models, and standards for the spectroscopic characterization and quantitation of molecules in biological systems. |
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| Description: |
| Capabilities include Raman, UV-visible, infrared, reflection, and fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence capabilities include measurements using fluorimetry, flow-cytometry, imaging, and time-dependent fluorescence. The spectroscopic methods are coupled with the molecular biology tools needed to solve important measurement problems. |
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| Area(s) of Application: |
- Pharmaceuticals
- Chemical and Allied Products
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| Accomplishments: |
We are involved in international comparison studies involving circular dichroism spectroscopic methods for the characterization of biopharmaceuticals as well as a pilot studies involving fluorescence measurements and quantitative PCR. These studies are a collaborative effort with the UK 's NPL and LGC, and are being performed under the auspices of the Bioanalytical Working Group of the Consultative Committee for the Amount of Substance-Metrology in Chemistry(CCQM, BIPM). Additional spectroscopic/molecular biology applications include:
- The measurement of protein conformations and protein-protein, protein-ligand, and protein-surface interactions.
- The quantitation of total plant genomic DNA and the response of plant DNAs to DNA-binding fluorophores.
- Silicon nanoparticles have and are being developed for application as biological labels .
- The coupling of the spectroscopic measurements with electrochemical control of the molecular redox state to measure the thermodynamic properties of biomolecules.
- Fluorescein Solution, SRM 1932
- Microspheres with Immobilized Fluorescein Isothiocyanate, SRM 8640
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| Future Plans: |
- Develop imaging spectroscopy capability for Raman and fluorescence.
- Investigate quantitation issues in DNA and protein microarray measurements.
- Adapt spectroscopic techniques to the needs of Homeland Defense.
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| Recent publications: |
- A.K. Gaigalas, A. Schwartz, G.E. Marti, R.F. Vogt, “ Quantitating Fluorescence Intensity from Fluorophores: Assignment of MESF Values ”, J. Res. Natl. Inst. Stds. Technol. in press.
- L. Wang, A.K. Gaigalas, V. Reipa , “Optical properties of Alex TM 488 and Cy TM 5 immobilized on a glass surface,” Biotechniques 2005, 38, 127-129
- L. Wang, V. Reipa, J. Blasic “Silicon Nanoparticles as a Luminescent Label to DNA” , Bioconjugate Chem . 2004, 15, 409-412.
- G. E. Marti, R. F. Vogt, Jr., A. K. Gaigalas, C. S. Hixson, R. A. Hoffman, R. Lenkei, L. E. Magruder, A. Schwartz, H. M. Shapiro, A. Waggoner, “ Fluorescence Calibration and Quantitative Measurement of Fluorescence Intensity; Proposed Guideline ,” NCCLS Document I/LA24-A, June 2004.
- V. Reipa “ Infrared and Raman characterization of Biological Products,” in Developments in Biologicals , 2005, In press.
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| Principal Investigator:
Adolfas K. Gaigalas |
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