gov.nist.microanalysis.EPQLibrary
Class Element

java.lang.Object
  gov.nist.microanalysis.EPQLibrary.Element

All Implemented Interfaces:

java.io.Serializable, java.lang.Comparable

public class Element
extends java.lang.Object
implements java.lang.Comparable, java.io.Serializable

A class representing an atomic element. This class also implements some static methods to facilitate using integer atomic numbers to represent elements.

Copyright: Pursuant to title 17 Section 105 of the United States Code this software is not subject to copyright protection and is in the public domain

Company: National Institute of Standards and Technology

Version:

1.0

Author:

Nicholas W. M. Ritchie

See Also:

Serialized Form

Field Summary

static Element	Ac
static Element	Ag
static Element	Al
static Element	Am
static Element	Ar
static Element	As
static Element	At
static Element	Au
static Element	B
static Element	Ba
static Element	Be
static Element	Bh
static Element	Bi
static Element	Bk
static Element	Br
static Element	C
static Element	Ca
static Element	Cd
static Element	Ce
static Element	Cf
static Element	Cl
static Element	Cm
static Element	Co
static Element	Cr
static Element	Cs
static Element	Cu
static Element	Db
static Element	Dy
static int	elmAc
static int	elmAg
static int	elmAl
static int	elmAm
static int	elmAr
static int	elmAs
static int	elmAt
static int	elmAu
static int	elmB
static int	elmBa
static int	elmBe
static int	elmBh
static int	elmBi
static int	elmBk
static int	elmBr
static int	elmC
static int	elmCa
static int	elmCd
static int	elmCe
static int	elmCf
static int	elmCl
static int	elmCm
static int	elmCo
static int	elmCr
static int	elmCs
static int	elmCu
static int	elmDb
static int	elmDy
static int	elmEndOfElements
static int	elmEr
static int	elmEs
static int	elmEu
static int	elmF
static int	elmFe
static int	elmFm
static int	elmFr
static int	elmGa
static int	elmGd
static int	elmGe
static int	elmH
static int	elmHe
static int	elmHf
static int	elmHg
static int	elmHo
static int	elmHs
static int	elmI
static int	elmIn
static int	elmIr
static int	elmK
static int	elmKr
static int	elmLa
static int	elmLi
static int	elmLr
static int	elmLu
static int	elmMd
static int	elmMg
static int	elmMn
static int	elmMo
static int	elmMt
static int	elmN
static int	elmNa
static int	elmNb
static int	elmNd
static int	elmNe
static int	elmNi
static int	elmNo
static int	elmNone
static int	elmNp
static int	elmO
static int	elmOs
static int	elmP
static int	elmPa
static int	elmPb
static int	elmPd
static int	elmPm
static int	elmPo
static int	elmPr
static int	elmPt
static int	elmPu
static int	elmRa
static int	elmRb
static int	elmRe
static int	elmRf
static int	elmRh
static int	elmRn
static int	elmRu
static int	elmS
static int	elmSb
static int	elmSc
static int	elmSe
static int	elmSg
static int	elmSi
static int	elmSm
static int	elmSn
static int	elmSr
static int	elmTa
static int	elmTb
static int	elmTc
static int	elmTe
static int	elmTh
static int	elmTi
static int	elmTl
static int	elmTm
static int	elmU
static int	elmUub
static int	elmUun
static int	elmUuu
static int	elmV
static int	elmW
static int	elmXe
static int	elmY
static int	elmYb
static int	elmZn
static int	elmZr
static Element	Er
static Element	Es
static Element	Eu
static Element	F
static Element	Fe
static Element	Fm
static Element	Fr
static Element	Ga
static Element	Gd
static Element	Ge
static Element	H
static Element	He
static Element	Hf
static Element	Hg
static Element	Ho
static Element	Hs
static Element	I
static Element	In
static Element	Ir
static Element	K
static Element	Kr
static Element	La
static Element	Li
static Element	Lr
static Element	Lu
static Element	Md
static Element	Mg
static Element	Mn
static Element	Mo
static Element	Mt
static Element	N
static Element	Na
static Element	Nb
static Element	Nd
static Element	Ne
static Element	Ni
static Element	No
static Element	None
static Element	Np
static Element	O
static Element	Os
static Element	P
static Element	Pa
static Element	Pb
static Element	Pd
static Element	Pm
static Element	Po
static Element	Pr
static Element	Pt
static Element	Pu
static Element	Ra
static Element	Rb
static Element	Re
static Element	Rf
static Element	Rh
static Element	Rn
static Element	Ru
static Element	S
static Element	Sb
static Element	Sc
static Element	Se
static Element	Sg
static Element	Si
static Element	Sm
static Element	Sn
static Element	Sr
static Element	Ta
static Element	Tb
static Element	Tc
static Element	Te
static Element	Th
static Element	Ti
static Element	Tl
static Element	Tm
static Element	U
static Element	Uub
static Element	Uun
static Element	Uuu
static Element	V
static Element	W
static Element	Xe
static Element	Y
static Element	Yb
static Element	Zn
static Element	Zr

Method Summary

static java.util.List	AllElements() AllElements - A immutable list of all elements (H->Uub).
static int	atomicNumberForName(java.lang.String name) atomicNumberForName - Get the atomic number for the named element.
static Element	byAtomicNumber(int an) byName - Get the Element associated with the specified atomic number.
static Element	byName(java.lang.String name) byName - Get the Element associated with the specified name or abbreviation.
int	compareTo(java.lang.Object o) compareTo - Implements the Comparable interface.
double	energyLoss(double eK) energyLoss - Computes the energy lossed by an electron of the specified energy.
boolean	equals(java.lang.Object obj) equals - Returns true if this and obj represent the equivalent elements.
int	getAtomicNumber() getAtomicNumber - Get the atomic number of this element.
double	getAtomicWeight() AtomicWeight - A method to return the atomic weight of an element.
static double	getAtomicWeight(int atomicNo) getAtomicWeight - A static method to return the atomic weight of an element specified by the atomic number.
double	getIonizationEnergy() getIonizationEnergy - Returns the first ionization energy for this element.
double	getMass() getMass - the mass of the element in kilograms.
int	hashCode() hashCode - Calculates a hash code that differentiates elements but not instances of elements.
boolean	isValid() isValid - A public method for determining whether this element represents a real element.
static boolean	isValid(int atomicNo) isValid - A static method for determining whether an atomic number is in range understood by this class.
double	massAbsorptionCoefficient(double energy) massAbsorptionCoefficient - Calculates the mass absorption coefficient for x-rays of the specified energy in this element.
double	massAbsorptionCoefficient(XRayTransition xrt) massAbsorptionCoefficient - Calculates the mass absorption coefficient for x-rays of the specified x-ray transition.
double	meanIonizationPotential() MeanIonizationPotential - The mean ionization potential (often labeled J) for this element.
static double	meanIonizationPotential(int atomicNo) meanIonizationPotential - Returns the meanIonizationPotential for the specified element in Joules.
java.lang.String	toAbbrev() toAbbrev - Returns the abbreviation associated with this element.
static java.lang.String	toAbbrev(int atomicNo) toAbbrev - A static method that returns the abbreviation associated with the specified atomic number.
java.lang.String	toString() toString - Returns a string containing the elements name.
static java.lang.String	toString(int el) toString - A static method that returns the name of the element with the specified atomic number.

Methods inherited from class java.lang.Object

clone, finalize, getClass, notify, notifyAll, wait, wait, wait

Field Detail

elmNone

public static final int elmNone

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elmH

public static final int elmH

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elmHe

public static final int elmHe

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elmLi

public static final int elmLi

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elmBe

public static final int elmBe

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elmB

public static final int elmB

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elmC

public static final int elmC

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elmN

public static final int elmN

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elmO

public static final int elmO

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elmF

public static final int elmF

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elmNe

public static final int elmNe

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elmNa

public static final int elmNa

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elmMg

public static final int elmMg

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elmAl

public static final int elmAl

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elmSi

public static final int elmSi

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elmP

public static final int elmP

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elmS

public static final int elmS

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elmCl

public static final int elmCl

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elmAr

public static final int elmAr

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elmK

public static final int elmK

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elmCa

public static final int elmCa

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elmSc

public static final int elmSc

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elmTi

public static final int elmTi

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elmV

public static final int elmV

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elmCr

public static final int elmCr

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elmMn

public static final int elmMn

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elmFe

public static final int elmFe

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elmCo

public static final int elmCo

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elmNi

public static final int elmNi

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elmCu

public static final int elmCu

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elmZn

public static final int elmZn

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elmGa

public static final int elmGa

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elmGe

public static final int elmGe

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elmAs

public static final int elmAs

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elmSe

public static final int elmSe

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elmBr

public static final int elmBr

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elmKr

public static final int elmKr

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elmRb

public static final int elmRb

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elmSr

public static final int elmSr

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elmY

public static final int elmY

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elmZr

public static final int elmZr

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elmNb

public static final int elmNb

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elmMo

public static final int elmMo

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elmTc

public static final int elmTc

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elmRu

public static final int elmRu

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elmRh

public static final int elmRh

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elmPd

public static final int elmPd

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elmAg

public static final int elmAg

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elmCd

public static final int elmCd

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elmIn

public static final int elmIn

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elmSn

public static final int elmSn

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elmSb

public static final int elmSb

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elmTe

public static final int elmTe

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elmI

public static final int elmI

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elmXe

public static final int elmXe

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elmCs

public static final int elmCs

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elmBa

public static final int elmBa

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elmLa

public static final int elmLa

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elmCe

public static final int elmCe

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elmPr

public static final int elmPr

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elmNd

public static final int elmNd

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elmPm

public static final int elmPm

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elmSm

public static final int elmSm

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elmEu

public static final int elmEu

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elmGd

public static final int elmGd

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elmTb

public static final int elmTb

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elmDy

public static final int elmDy

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elmHo

public static final int elmHo

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elmEr

public static final int elmEr

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elmTm

public static final int elmTm

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elmYb

public static final int elmYb

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elmLu

public static final int elmLu

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elmHf

public static final int elmHf

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elmTa

public static final int elmTa

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elmW

public static final int elmW

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elmRe

public static final int elmRe

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elmOs

public static final int elmOs

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elmIr

public static final int elmIr

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elmPt

public static final int elmPt

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elmAu

public static final int elmAu

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elmHg

public static final int elmHg

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elmTl

public static final int elmTl

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elmPb

public static final int elmPb

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elmBi

public static final int elmBi

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elmPo

public static final int elmPo

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elmAt

public static final int elmAt

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elmRn

public static final int elmRn

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elmFr

public static final int elmFr

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elmRa

public static final int elmRa

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elmAc

public static final int elmAc

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elmTh

public static final int elmTh

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elmPa

public static final int elmPa

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elmU

public static final int elmU

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elmNp

public static final int elmNp

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elmPu

public static final int elmPu

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elmAm

public static final int elmAm

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elmCm

public static final int elmCm

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elmBk

public static final int elmBk

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elmCf

public static final int elmCf

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elmEs

public static final int elmEs

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elmFm

public static final int elmFm

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elmMd

public static final int elmMd

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elmNo

public static final int elmNo

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elmLr

public static final int elmLr

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elmRf

public static final int elmRf

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elmDb

public static final int elmDb

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elmSg

public static final int elmSg

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elmBh

public static final int elmBh

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elmHs

public static final int elmHs

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elmMt

public static final int elmMt

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elmUun

public static final int elmUun

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elmUuu

public static final int elmUuu

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elmUub

public static final int elmUub

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elmEndOfElements

public static final int elmEndOfElements

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None

public static final Element None

H

public static final Element H

He

public static final Element He

Li

public static final Element Li

Be

public static final Element Be

B

public static final Element B

C

public static final Element C

N

public static final Element N

O

public static final Element O

F

public static final Element F

Ne

public static final Element Ne

Na

public static final Element Na

Mg

public static final Element Mg

Al

public static final Element Al

Si

public static final Element Si

P

public static final Element P

S

public static final Element S

Cl

public static final Element Cl

Ar

public static final Element Ar

K

public static final Element K

Ca

public static final Element Ca

Sc

public static final Element Sc

Ti

public static final Element Ti

V

public static final Element V

Cr

public static final Element Cr

Mn

public static final Element Mn

Fe

public static final Element Fe

Co

public static final Element Co

Ni

public static final Element Ni

Cu

public static final Element Cu

Zn

public static final Element Zn

Ga

public static final Element Ga

Ge

public static final Element Ge

As

public static final Element As

Se

public static final Element Se

Br

public static final Element Br

Kr

public static final Element Kr

Rb

public static final Element Rb

Sr

public static final Element Sr

Y

public static final Element Y

Zr

public static final Element Zr

Nb

public static final Element Nb

Mo

public static final Element Mo

Tc

public static final Element Tc

Ru

public static final Element Ru

Rh

public static final Element Rh

Pd

public static final Element Pd

Ag

public static final Element Ag

Cd

public static final Element Cd

In

public static final Element In

Sn

public static final Element Sn

Sb

public static final Element Sb

Te

public static final Element Te

I

public static final Element I

Xe

public static final Element Xe

Cs

public static final Element Cs

Ba

public static final Element Ba

La

public static final Element La

Ce

public static final Element Ce

Pr

public static final Element Pr

Nd

public static final Element Nd

Pm

public static final Element Pm

Sm

public static final Element Sm

Eu

public static final Element Eu

Gd

public static final Element Gd

Tb

public static final Element Tb

Dy

public static final Element Dy

Ho

public static final Element Ho

Er

public static final Element Er

Tm

public static final Element Tm

Yb

public static final Element Yb

Lu

public static final Element Lu

Hf

public static final Element Hf

Ta

public static final Element Ta

W

public static final Element W

Re

public static final Element Re

Os

public static final Element Os

Ir

public static final Element Ir

Pt

public static final Element Pt

Au

public static final Element Au

Hg

public static final Element Hg

Tl

public static final Element Tl

Pb

public static final Element Pb

Bi

public static final Element Bi

Po

public static final Element Po

At

public static final Element At

Rn

public static final Element Rn

Fr

public static final Element Fr

Ra

public static final Element Ra

Ac

public static final Element Ac

Th

public static final Element Th

Pa

public static final Element Pa

U

public static final Element U

Np

public static final Element Np

Pu

public static final Element Pu

Am

public static final Element Am

Cm

public static final Element Cm

Bk

public static final Element Bk

Cf

public static final Element Cf

Es

public static final Element Es

Fm

public static final Element Fm

Md

public static final Element Md

No

public static final Element No

Lr

public static final Element Lr

Rf

public static final Element Rf

Db

public static final Element Db

Sg

public static final Element Sg

Bh

public static final Element Bh

Hs

public static final Element Hs

Mt

public static final Element Mt

Uun

public static final Element Uun

Uuu

public static final Element Uuu

Uub

public static final Element Uub

Method Detail

atomicNumberForName

public static int atomicNumberForName(java.lang.String name)

atomicNumberForName - Get the atomic number for the named element. THe name may be the abbreviation or the full name (case insensitive)

Parameters:

name - String

Returns:

int

byName

public static Element byName(java.lang.String name)

byName - Get the Element associated with the specified name or abbreviation.

Parameters:

name - String

Returns:

Element

byAtomicNumber

public static Element byAtomicNumber(int an)

byName - Get the Element associated with the specified atomic number.

Parameters:

an - int - The atomic number

Returns:

Element

getAtomicWeight

public static final double getAtomicWeight(int atomicNo)

getAtomicWeight - A static method to return the atomic weight of an element specified by the atomic number.

Parameters:

atomicNo - int - The atomic number.

Returns:

double - The atomic weight in AMU.

AllElements

public static final java.util.List AllElements()

AllElements - A immutable list of all elements (H->Uub).

Returns:

List

meanIonizationPotential

public static double meanIonizationPotential(int atomicNo)

meanIonizationPotential - Returns the meanIonizationPotential for the specified element in Joules.

Parameters:

atomicNo - int

Returns:

double

getAtomicNumber

public final int getAtomicNumber()

getAtomicNumber - Get the atomic number of this element.

Returns:

int

getAtomicWeight

public final double getAtomicWeight()

AtomicWeight - A method to return the atomic weight of an element.

Returns:

double - The atomic weight in AMU.

getMass

public final double getMass()

getMass - the mass of the element in kilograms.

Returns:

double

toAbbrev

public final java.lang.String toAbbrev()

toAbbrev - Returns the abbreviation associated with this element.

Returns:

String

toAbbrev

public static final java.lang.String toAbbrev(int atomicNo)

toAbbrev - A static method that returns the abbreviation associated with the specified atomic number.

Parameters:

atomicNo - int - The atomic number.

Returns:

String

toString

public static java.lang.String toString(int el)

toString - A static method that returns the name of the element with the specified atomic number.

Parameters:

el - int - The atomic number

Returns:

String

meanIonizationPotential

public double meanIonizationPotential()

MeanIonizationPotential - The mean ionization potential (often labeled J) for this element. From the table when available or calculated using the Berger-Selzer formula.

Returns:

double - J in Joules

energyLoss

public double energyLoss(double eK)

energyLoss - Computes the energy lossed by an electron of the specified energy. Formula from Bethe with Joy-Luo's modification from Goldstein et al

Parameters:

eK - double - The electron energy in Joules

Returns:

double - in Joules per meter per kg/meter^3

massAbsorptionCoefficient

public double massAbsorptionCoefficient(double energy)

massAbsorptionCoefficient - Calculates the mass absorption coefficient for x-rays of the specified energy in this element.

Parameters:

energy - double - X-ray energy in Joules

Returns:

double - Absorption per unit length (meter) per unit density (kg/m^3)

massAbsorptionCoefficient

public double massAbsorptionCoefficient(XRayTransition xrt)
                                 throws EPQException

massAbsorptionCoefficient - Calculates the mass absorption coefficient for x-rays of the specified x-ray transition.

Parameters:

xrt - XRayTransition

Returns:

double - Absorption per unit length (meter) per unit density (kg/m^3)

Throws:

EPQException

isValid

public static final boolean isValid(int atomicNo)

isValid - A static method for determining whether an atomic number is in range understood by this class.

Parameters:

atomicNo - int

Returns:

boolean

isValid

public final boolean isValid()

isValid - A public method for determining whether this element represents a real element.

Returns:

boolean

compareTo

public int compareTo(java.lang.Object o)

compareTo - Implements the Comparable interface.

Specified by:

compareTo in interface java.lang.Comparable

Parameters:

o - Object

Returns:

int

hashCode

public int hashCode()

hashCode - Calculates a hash code that differentiates elements but not instances of elements.

Overrides:

hashCode in class java.lang.Object

Returns:

int

equals

public boolean equals(java.lang.Object obj)

equals - Returns true if this and obj represent the equivalent elements. (Same atomic number)

Overrides:

equals in class java.lang.Object

Parameters:

obj - Object

Returns:

boolean

toString

public java.lang.String toString()

toString - Returns a string containing the elements name.

Overrides:

toString in class java.lang.Object

Returns:

String

getIonizationEnergy

public double getIonizationEnergy()

getIonizationEnergy - Returns the first ionization energy for this element.

Returns:

In Joules