Tri-Allelic Patterns
Three-banded or tri-allelic patterns are sometimes observed at a single locus in a multiplex STR profile. These tables of tri-allelic patterns are for scientists to "compare notes" as well as to see if certain allele combinations are more likely. Tri-allelic patterns generally fall into one of two different groups based on relative peak heights:
Type 1:
Sum of heights of two of the peaks is equal to the third
Type 2:
Balanced peak heights
We welcome your contributions in order to more fully catalog the genetic variation observed in these STR loci.
To contribute to these tri-allelic variant reports, click here.
170 total patterns reported as of 04/03/2008
[click on loci listed below for details]
|
Core STR Loci · CSF1PO (7) · FGA (22) · TH01 (1) · TPOX (15) · VWA (19) · D3S1358 (6) · D5S818 (4) · D7S820 (7) · D8S1179 (11) · D13S317 (8) · D16S539 (8) · D18S51 (21) · D21S11 (19)
|
Other Common STR Loci · D2S1338 (3) · D19S433 (2) · Penta D (5) · Penta E (11) · F13A01 · FES/FPS (1) · F13B · LPL · SE33
|
Y-STR Loci · DYS19 · DYS389I · DYS389II · DYS390 · DYS391 · DYS392 · DYS393 · DYS385 a/b · DYS438 · DYS439 · DYS437 · DYS448 · DYS456 · DYS458 · DYS635/GATA-C4 · Y-GATA-H4
|
Information on Variant STR Alleles Sequenced at NIST
Some useful references with more information on tri-allelic patterns include:
Crouse et al. (1999) Analysis and interpretation of short tandem repeat microvariants and three banded allele patterns using multiple allele detection systems [published erratum appears in J. Forensic Sci. 1999 May;44(3)]. J. Forensic Sci. 44(1):87-94. They report finding 18 TPOX three-banded patterns, and one CSF1PO three-banded pattern.
Clayton et al. (2004) A genetic basis for anomalous band patterns encountered during DNA STR profiling. J Forensic Sci. 49(6):1207-1214. They introduce the "Type 1" and "Type 2" nomenclature for tri-allelic patterns.
Butler, J.M. (2006) Genetics and genomics of core STR loci used in human identity testing. J. Forensic Sci. 51(2): 253-265.